Moderate AI-risk jobs
These occupations score between 20 and 75 on our Generative AI vulnerability index — enough exposure that daily work is changing, without a single “safe forever” or “replaced tomorrow” story.
Compare with high AI-risk jobs and lower AI-risk careers. Open any profile for task-level detail.
140 occupations in the moderate band · catalog
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#1
Will AI replace Insurance Underwriters?Review individual applications for insurance to evaluate degree of risk involved and determine acceptance of applications.
$81,370 · growth -3.8% · 2 high-automation tasks
74
Moderate automation risk
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#2
Will AI replace Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers?Search real estate records, examine titles, or summarize pertinent legal or insurance documents or details for a variety of purposes. May compile lists of mortgages, contracts, and other instruments pertaining to titles by searching public and private records for law firms, real estate agencies, or title insurance companies.
$58,650 · growth +2.1% · 8 high-automation tasks
74
Moderate automation risk
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#3
Will AI replace Credit Analysts?Analyze credit data and financial statements of individuals or firms to determine the degree of risk involved in extending credit or lending money. Prepare reports with credit information for use in decisionmaking.
$83,510 · growth -4.3% · 5 high-automation tasks
73
Moderate automation risk
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#4
Will AI replace Medical Records Specialists?Compile, process, and maintain medical records of hospital and clinic patients in a manner consistent with medical, administrative, ethical, legal, and regulatory requirements of the healthcare system. Classify medical and healthcare concepts, including diagnosis, procedures, medical services, and equipment, into the healthcare industry's numerical coding system. Includes medical coders.
$51,140 · growth +7.8% · 9 high-automation tasks
73
Moderate automation risk
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#5
Will AI replace Medical Secretaries and Administrative Assistants?Perform secretarial duties using specific knowledge of medical terminology and hospital, clinic, or laboratory procedures. Duties may include scheduling appointments, billing patients, and compiling and recording medical charts, reports, and correspondence.
$45,930 · growth +4.8% · 7 high-automation tasks
73
Moderate automation risk
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#6
Will AI replace Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents and Travel Clerks?Make and confirm reservations for transportation or lodging, or sell transportation tickets. May check baggage and direct passengers to designated concourse, pier, or track; deliver tickets and contact individuals and groups to inform them of package tours; or provide tourists with travel or transportation information.
$44,390 · growth +2.5% · 11 high-automation tasks
73
Moderate automation risk
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#7
Will AI replace Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks?Compute, classify, and record numerical data to keep financial records complete. Perform any combination of routine calculating, posting, and verifying duties to obtain primary financial data for use in maintaining accounting records. May also check the accuracy of figures, calculations, and postings pertaining to business transactions recorded by other workers.
$50,670 · growth -5.6% · 10 high-automation tasks
72
Moderate automation risk
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#8
Will AI replace Word Processors and Typists?Use word processor, computer, or typewriter to type letters, reports, forms, or other material from rough draft, corrected copy, or voice recording. May perform other clerical duties as assigned.
$49,280 · growth -34.4% · 10 high-automation tasks
72
Moderate automation risk
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#9
Will AI replace Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants?Provide high-level administrative support by conducting research, preparing statistical reports, and handling information requests, as well as performing routine administrative functions such as preparing correspondence, receiving visitors, arranging conference calls, and scheduling meetings. May also train and supervise lower-level clerical staff.
$76,590 · growth 0.0% · 8 high-automation tasks
71
Moderate automation risk
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#10
Will AI replace Graphic Designers?Design or create graphics to meet specific commercial or promotional needs, such as packaging, displays, or logos. May use a variety of mediums to achieve artistic or decorative effects.
$62,960 · growth -1.7% · 6 high-automation tasks
71
Moderate automation risk
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#11
Will AI replace Market Research Analysts and Marketing Specialists?Research conditions in local, regional, national, or online markets. Gather information to determine potential sales of a product or service, or plan a marketing or advertising campaign. May gather information on competitors, prices, sales, and methods of marketing and distribution. May employ search marketing tactics, analyze web metrics, and develop recommendations to increase search engine ranking and visibility to target markets.
$78,760 · growth +7.0% · 5 high-automation tasks
71
Moderate automation risk
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#12
Will AI replace Secretaries and Administrative Assistants, Except Legal, Medical, and Executive?Perform routine administrative functions such as drafting correspondence, scheduling appointments, organizing and maintaining paper and electronic files, or providing information to callers.
$47,540 · growth -6.0% · 10 high-automation tasks
71
Moderate automation risk
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#13
Will AI replace Billing and Posting Clerks?Compile, compute, and record billing, accounting, statistical, and other numerical data for billing purposes. Prepare billing invoices for services rendered or for delivery or shipment of goods.
$48,500 · growth -0.1% · 9 high-automation tasks
70
Moderate automation risk
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#14
Will AI replace Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers?Develop and execute software tests to identify software problems and their causes. Test system modifications to prepare for implementation. Document software and application defects using a bug tracking system and report defects to software or web developers. Create and maintain databases of known defects. May participate in software design reviews to provide input on functional requirements, operational characteristics, product designs, and schedules.
$104,300 · growth +5.7% · 6 high-automation tasks
70
Moderate automation risk
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#15
Will AI replace Computer Programmers?Create, modify, and test the code and scripts that allow computer applications to run. Work from specifications drawn up by software and web developers or other individuals. May develop and write computer programs to store, locate, and retrieve specific documents, data, and information.
$100,390 · growth -7.3% · 8 high-automation tasks
69
Moderate automation risk
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#16
Will AI replace Securities, Commodities, and Financial Services Sales Agents?Buy and sell securities or commodities in investment and trading firms, or provide financial services to businesses and individuals. May advise customers about stocks, bonds, mutual funds, commodities, and market conditions.
$78,660 · growth +1.4% · 6 high-automation tasks
69
Moderate automation risk
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#17
Will AI replace Office Clerks, General?Perform duties too varied and diverse to be classified in any specific office clerical occupation, requiring knowledge of office systems and procedures. Clerical duties may be assigned in accordance with the office procedures of individual establishments and may include a combination of answering telephones, bookkeeping, typing or word processing, office machine operation, and filing.
$45,010 · growth -6.0% · 6 high-automation tasks
68
Moderate automation risk
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#18
Will AI replace Receptionists and Information Clerks?Answer inquiries and provide information to the general public, customers, visitors, and other interested parties regarding activities conducted at establishment and location of departments, offices, and employees within the organization.
$38,010 · growth -1.7% · 9 high-automation tasks
68
Moderate automation risk
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#19
Will AI replace Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators?Review settled claims to determine that payments and settlements are made in accordance with company practices and procedures. Confer with legal counsel on claims requiring litigation. May also settle insurance claims.
$78,000 · growth -5.5% · 7 high-automation tasks
67
Moderate automation risk
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#20
Will AI replace Technical Writers?Write technical materials, such as equipment manuals, appendices, or operating and maintenance instructions. May assist in layout work.
$90,390 · growth +0.8% · 4 high-automation tasks
67
Moderate automation risk
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#21
Will AI replace Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers?Develop programs to control machining or processing of materials by automatic machine tools, equipment, or systems. May also set up, operate, or maintain equipment.
$68,120 · growth +5.9% · 5 high-automation tasks
66
Moderate automation risk
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#22
Will AI replace Data Scientists?Develop and implement a set of techniques or analytics applications to transform raw data into meaningful information using data-oriented programming languages and visualization software. Apply data mining, data modeling, natural language processing, and machine learning to extract and analyze information from large structured and unstructured datasets. Visualize, interpret, and report data findings. May create dynamic data reports.
$120,230 · growth +34.6% · 6 high-automation tasks
66
Moderate automation risk
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#23
Will AI replace Advertising Sales Agents?Sell or solicit advertising space, time, or media in publications, signage, TV, radio, or Internet establishments or public spaces.
$64,820 · growth -7.2% · 3 high-automation tasks
65
Moderate automation risk
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#24
Will AI replace Insurance Sales Agents?Sell life, property, casualty, health, automotive, or other types of insurance. May refer clients to independent brokers, work as an independent broker, or be employed by an insurance company.
$62,280 · growth +3.3% · 5 high-automation tasks
65
Moderate automation risk
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#25
Will AI replace Web Developers?Develop and implement websites, web applications, application databases, and interactive web interfaces. Evaluate code to ensure that it is properly structured, meets industry standards, and is compatible with browsers and devices. Optimize website performance, scalability, and server-side code and processes. May develop website infrastructure and integrate websites with other computer applications.
$92,650 · growth +3.8% · 6 high-automation tasks
64
Moderate automation risk
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#26
Will AI replace Writers and Authors?Originate and prepare written material, such as scripts, stories, advertisements, and other material.
$76,910 · growth -0.3% · 7 high-automation tasks
64
Moderate automation risk
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#27
Will AI replace Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners?Use verbatim methods and equipment to capture, store, retrieve, and transcribe pretrial and trial proceedings or other information. Includes stenocaptioners who operate computerized stenographic captioning equipment to provide captions of live or prerecorded broadcasts for hearing-impaired viewers.
$72,420 · growth -0.1% · 5 high-automation tasks
63
Moderate automation risk
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#28
Will AI replace Database Administrators?Administer, test, and implement computer databases, applying knowledge of database management systems. Coordinate changes to computer databases. Identify, investigate, and resolve database performance issues, database capacity, and database scalability. May plan, coordinate, and implement security measures to safeguard computer databases.
$104,620 · growth -0.1% · 2 high-automation tasks
63
Moderate automation risk
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#29
Will AI replace Interpreters and Translators?Interpret oral or sign language, or translate written text from one language into another.
$60,170 · growth +2.0% · 7 high-automation tasks
63
Moderate automation risk
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#30
Will AI replace Loan Officers?Evaluate, authorize, or recommend approval of commercial, real estate, or credit loans. Advise borrowers on financial status and payment methods. Includes mortgage loan officers and agents, collection analysts, loan servicing officers, loan underwriters, and payday loan officers.
$76,690 · growth +1.1% · 5 high-automation tasks
63
Moderate automation risk
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#31
Will AI replace Budget Analysts?Examine budget estimates for completeness, accuracy, and conformance with procedures and regulations. Analyze budgeting and accounting reports.
$91,640 · growth +1.9% · 3 high-automation tasks
62
Moderate automation risk
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#32
Will AI replace Economists?Conduct research, prepare reports, or formulate plans to address economic problems related to the production and distribution of goods and services or monetary and fiscal policy. May collect and process economic and statistical data using sampling techniques and econometric methods.
$124,720 · growth +4.7% · 2 high-automation tasks
62
Moderate automation risk
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#33
Will AI replace Human Resources Specialists?Recruit, screen, interview, or place individuals within an organization. May perform other activities in multiple human resources areas.
$75,940 · growth +6.4% · 6 high-automation tasks
62
Moderate automation risk
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#34
Will AI replace Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants?Perform secretarial duties using legal terminology, procedures, and documents. Prepare legal papers and correspondence, such as summonses, complaints, motions, and subpoenas. May also assist with legal research.
$55,570 · growth -5.2% · 5 high-automation tasks
62
Moderate automation risk
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#35
Will AI replace Computer Network Support Specialists?Analyze, test, troubleshoot, and evaluate existing network systems, such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), cloud networks, servers, and other data communications networks. Perform network maintenance to ensure networks operate correctly with minimal interruption.
$76,220 · growth +1.2% · 1 high-automation tasks
61
Moderate automation risk
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#36
Will AI replace Personal Financial Advisors?Advise clients on financial plans using knowledge of tax and investment strategies, securities, insurance, pension plans, and real estate. Duties include assessing clients' assets, liabilities, cash flow, insurance coverage, tax status, and financial objectives. May also buy and sell financial assets for clients.
$105,070 · growth +1.4% · 2 high-automation tasks
61
Moderate automation risk
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#37
Will AI replace Training and Development Specialists?Design or conduct work-related training and development programs to improve individual skills or organizational performance. May analyze organizational training needs or evaluate training effectiveness.
$69,280 · growth +10.8% · 3 high-automation tasks
61
Moderate automation risk
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#38
Will AI replace Accountants and Auditors?Examine, analyze, and interpret accounting records to prepare financial statements, give advice, or audit and evaluate statements prepared by others. Install or advise on systems of recording costs or other financial and budgetary data.
$83,680 · growth +5.0% · 5 high-automation tasks
60
Moderate automation risk
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#39
Will AI replace Project Management Specialists?Analyze and coordinate the schedule, timeline, procurement, staffing, and budget of a product or service on a per project basis. Lead and guide the work of technical staff. May serve as a point of contact for the client or customer.
$102,320 · growth +6.7% · 4 high-automation tasks
60
Moderate automation risk
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#40
Will AI replace Shipping, Receiving, and Inventory Clerks?Verify and maintain records on incoming and outgoing shipments involving inventory. Duties include verifying and recording incoming merchandise or material and arranging for the transportation of products. May prepare items for shipment.
$45,260 · growth -7.6% · 5 high-automation tasks
60
Moderate automation risk
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#41
Will AI replace Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists?Conduct programs of compensation and benefits and job analysis for employer. May specialize in specific areas, such as position classification and pension programs.
$78,210 · growth +6.0% · 2 high-automation tasks
59
Moderate automation risk
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#42
Will AI replace Compliance Officers?Examine, evaluate, and investigate eligibility for or conformity with laws and regulations governing contract compliance of licenses and permits, and perform other compliance and enforcement inspection and analysis activities not classified elsewhere.
$80,730 · growth +3.8% · 5 high-automation tasks
59
Moderate automation risk
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#43
Will AI replace Editors?Plan, coordinate, revise, or edit written material. May review proposals and drafts for possible publication.
$77,920 · growth -1.1% · 4 high-automation tasks
59
Moderate automation risk
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#44
Will AI replace Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars?Apply knowledge of healthcare and information systems to assist in the design, development, and continued modification and analysis of computerized healthcare systems. Abstract, collect, and analyze treatment and followup information of patients. May educate staff and assist in problem solving to promote the implementation of the healthcare information system. May design, develop, test, and implement databases with complete history, diagnosis, treatment, and health status to help monitor diseases.
$68,020 · growth +15.9% · 5 high-automation tasks
59
Moderate automation risk
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#45
Will AI replace Statisticians?Develop or apply mathematical or statistical theory and methods to collect, organize, interpret, and summarize numerical data to provide usable information. May specialize in fields such as biostatistics, agricultural statistics, business statistics, or economic statistics. Includes mathematical and survey statisticians.
$105,650 · growth +11.0% · 3 high-automation tasks
59
Moderate automation risk
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#46
Will AI replace Web and Digital Interface Designers?Design digital user interfaces or websites. Develop and test layouts, interfaces, functionality, and navigation menus to ensure compatibility and usability across browsers or devices. May use web framework applications as well as client-side code and processes. May evaluate web design following web and accessibility standards, and may analyze web use metrics and optimize websites for marketability and search engine ranking. May design and test interfaces that facilitate the human-computer interaction and maximize the usability of digital devices, websites, and software with a focus on aesthetics and design. May create graphics used in websites and manage website content and links.
$104,000 · growth +6.0% · 1 high-automation tasks
59
Moderate automation risk
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#47
Will AI replace Computer Systems Analysts?Analyze science, engineering, business, and other data processing problems to develop and implement solutions to complex applications problems, system administration issues, or network concerns. Perform systems management and integration functions, improve existing computer systems, and review computer system capabilities, workflow, and schedule limitations. May analyze or recommend commercially available software.
$105,850 · growth +7.9% · 2 high-automation tasks
58
Moderate automation risk
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#48
Will AI replace Computer Network Architects?Design and implement computer and information networks, such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), intranets, extranets, and other data communications networks. Perform network modeling, analysis, and planning, including analysis of capacity needs for network infrastructures. May also design network and computer security measures. May research and recommend network and data communications hardware and software.
$134,050 · growth +7.7% · 2 high-automation tasks
57
Moderate automation risk
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#49
Will AI replace Cost Estimators?Prepare cost estimates for product manufacturing, construction projects, or services to aid management in bidding on or determining price of product or service. May specialize according to particular service performed or type of product manufactured.
$78,740 · growth -3.1% · 3 high-automation tasks
57
Moderate automation risk
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#50
Will AI replace English Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary?Teach courses in English language and literature, including linguistics and comparative literature. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
$78,760 · growth 0.0% · 4 high-automation tasks
57
Moderate automation risk
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#51
Will AI replace Operations Research Analysts?Formulate and apply mathematical modeling and other optimizing methods to develop and interpret information that assists management with decisionmaking, policy formulation, or other managerial functions. May collect and analyze data and develop decision support software, services, or products. May develop and supply optimal time, cost, or logistics networks for program evaluation, review, or implementation.
$88,940 · growth +11.9% · 2 high-automation tasks
57
Moderate automation risk
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#52
Will AI replace Software Developers?Research, design, and develop computer and network software or specialized utility programs. Analyze user needs and develop software solutions, applying principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis. Update software or enhance existing software capabilities. May work with computer hardware engineers to integrate hardware and software systems, and develop specifications and performance requirements. May maintain databases within an application area, working individually or coordinating database development as part of a team.
$135,980 · growth +10.2% · 4 high-automation tasks
57
Moderate automation risk
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#53
Will AI replace Film and Video Editors?Edit moving images on film, video, or other media. May work with a producer or director to organize images for final production. May edit or synchronize soundtracks with images.
$75,420 · growth +3.7% · 2 high-automation tasks
56
Moderate automation risk
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#54
Will AI replace Network and Computer Systems Administrators?Install, configure, and maintain an organization's local area network (LAN), wide area network (WAN), data communications network, operating systems, and physical and virtual servers. Perform system monitoring and verify the integrity and availability of hardware, network, and server resources and systems. Review system and application logs and verify completion of scheduled jobs, including system backups. Analyze network and server resource consumption and control user access. Install and upgrade software and maintain software licenses. May assist in network modeling, analysis, planning, and coordination between network and data communications hardware and software.
$99,130 · growth -4.1% · 2 high-automation tasks
56
Moderate automation risk
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#55
Will AI replace Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products?Sell goods for wholesalers or manufacturers to businesses or groups of individuals. Work requires substantial knowledge of items sold.
$72,080 · growth -0.9% · 4 high-automation tasks
56
Moderate automation risk
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#56
Will AI replace Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary?Teach courses in computer science. May specialize in a field of computer science, such as the design and function of computers or operations and research analysis. Includes both teachers primarily engaged in teaching and those who do a combination of teaching and research.
$96,980 · growth +4.9% · 4 high-automation tasks
55
Moderate automation risk
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#57
Will AI replace Computer User Support Specialists?Provide technical assistance to computer users. Answer questions or resolve computer problems for clients in person, via telephone, or electronically. May provide assistance concerning the use of computer hardware and software, including printing, installation, word processing, electronic mail, and operating systems.
$61,860 · growth -3.5% · 2 high-automation tasks
55
Moderate automation risk
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#58
Will AI replace Financial and Investment Analysts?Conduct quantitative analyses of information involving investment programs or financial data of public or private institutions, including valuation of businesses.
$102,740 · growth +7.2% · 2 high-automation tasks
54
Moderate automation risk
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#59
Will AI replace Information Security Analysts?Plan, implement, upgrade, or monitor security measures for the protection of computer networks and information. Assess system vulnerabilities for security risks and propose and implement risk mitigation strategies. May ensure appropriate security controls are in place that will safeguard digital files and vital electronic infrastructure. May respond to computer security breaches and viruses.
$129,180 · growth +21.0% · 1 high-automation tasks
54
Moderate automation risk
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#60
Will AI replace Management Analysts?Conduct organizational studies and evaluations, design systems and procedures, conduct work simplification and measurement studies, and prepare operations and procedures manuals to assist management in operating more efficiently and effectively. Includes program analysts and management consultants.
$101,860 · growth +10.1% · 1 high-automation tasks
54
Moderate automation risk
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#61
Will AI replace Paralegals and Legal Assistants?Assist lawyers by investigating facts, preparing legal documents, or researching legal precedent. Conduct research to support a legal proceeding, to formulate a defense, or to initiate legal action.
$62,890 · growth -0.3% · 3 high-automation tasks
54
Moderate automation risk
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#62
Will AI replace Public Relations Specialists?Promote or create an intended public image for individuals, groups, or organizations. May write or select material for release to various communications media. May specialize in using social media.
$74,750 · growth +1.8% · 3 high-automation tasks
53
Moderate automation risk
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#63
Will AI replace Real Estate Sales Agents?Rent, buy, or sell property for clients. Perform duties such as study property listings, interview prospective clients, accompany clients to property site, discuss conditions of sale, and draw up real estate contracts. Includes agents who represent buyer.
$52,830 · growth +1.7% · 3 high-automation tasks
53
Moderate automation risk
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#64
Will AI replace Financial Managers?Plan, direct, or coordinate accounting, investing, banking, insurance, securities, and other financial activities of a branch, office, or department of an establishment.
$166,570 · growth +9.7% · 1 high-automation tasks
51
Moderate automation risk
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#65
Will AI replace Instructional Coordinators?Develop instructional material, coordinate educational content, and incorporate current technology into instruction in order to provide guidelines to educators and instructors for developing curricula and conducting courses. May train and coach teachers. Includes educational consultants and specialists, and instructional material directors.
$77,440 · growth +1.6% · 4 high-automation tasks
51
Moderate automation risk
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#66
Will AI replace Logisticians?Analyze and coordinate the ongoing logistical functions of a firm or organization. Responsible for the entire life cycle of a product, including acquisition, distribution, internal allocation, delivery, and final disposal of resources.
$82,320 · growth +17.6% · 2 high-automation tasks
50
Moderate automation risk
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#67
Will AI replace News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists?Narrate or write news stories, reviews, or commentary for print, broadcast, or other communications media such as newspapers, magazines, radio, or television. May collect and analyze information through interview, investigation, or observation.
$62,200 · growth -5.9% · 2 high-automation tasks
50
Moderate automation risk
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#68
Will AI replace Industrial Engineers?Design, develop, test, and evaluate integrated systems for managing industrial production processes, including human work factors, quality control, inventory control, logistics and material flow, cost analysis, and production coordination.
$102,440 · growth +12.4% · 2 high-automation tasks
49
Moderate automation risk
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#69
Will AI replace Librarians and Media Collections Specialists?Administer and maintain libraries or collections of information, for public or private access through reference or borrowing. Work in a variety of settings, such as educational institutions, museums, and corporations, and with various types of informational materials, such as books, periodicals, recordings, films, and databases. Tasks may include acquiring, cataloging, and circulating library materials, and user services such as locating and organizing information, providing instruction on how to access information, and setting up and operating a library's media equipment.
$68,270 · growth +2.6% · 2 high-automation tasks
49
Moderate automation risk
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#70
Will AI replace Marketing Managers?Plan, direct, or coordinate marketing policies and programs, such as determining the demand for products and services offered by a firm and its competitors, and identify potential customers. Develop pricing strategies with the goal of maximizing the firm's profits or share of the market while ensuring the firm's customers are satisfied. Oversee product development or monitor trends that indicate the need for new products and services.
$166,790 · growth +6.9% · 1 high-automation tasks
49
Moderate automation risk
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#71
Will AI replace Lawyers?Represent clients in criminal and civil litigation and other legal proceedings, draw up legal documents, or manage or advise clients on legal transactions. May specialize in a single area or may practice broadly in many areas of law.
$159,670 · growth +4.7% · 2 high-automation tasks
48
Moderate automation risk
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#72
Will AI replace Computer and Information Systems Managers?Plan, direct, or coordinate activities in such fields as electronic data processing, information systems, systems analysis, and computer programming.
$175,140 · growth +15.8% · 1 high-automation tasks
47
Moderate automation risk
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#73
Will AI replace Interior Designers?Plan, design, and furnish the internal space of rooms or buildings. Design interior environments or create physical layouts that are practical, aesthetic, and conducive to the intended purposes. May specialize in a particular field, style, or phase of interior design.
$67,190 · growth +2.7% · 1 high-automation tasks
47
Moderate automation risk
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#74
Will AI replace Pharmacy Technicians?Prepare medications under the direction of a pharmacist. May measure, mix, count out, label, and record amounts and dosages of medications according to prescription orders.
$45,750 · growth +6.4% · 3 high-automation tasks
47
Moderate automation risk
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#75
Will AI replace Cashiers?Receive and disburse money in establishments other than financial institutions. May use electronic scanners, cash registers, or related equipment. May process credit or debit card transactions and validate checks.
$32,880 · growth -6.5% · 2 high-automation tasks
46
Moderate automation risk
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#76
Will AI replace Environmental Scientists and Specialists, Including Health?Conduct research or perform investigation for the purpose of identifying, abating, or eliminating sources of pollutants or hazards that affect either the environment or public health. Using knowledge of various scientific disciplines, may collect, synthesize, study, report, and recommend action based on data derived from measurements or observations of air, food, soil, water, and other sources.
$82,220 · growth +6.1% · 1 high-automation tasks
46
Moderate automation risk
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#77
Will AI replace General and Operations Managers?Plan, direct, or coordinate the operations of public or private sector organizations, overseeing multiple departments or locations. Duties and responsibilities include formulating policies, managing daily operations, and planning the use of materials and human resources, but are too diverse and general in nature to be classified in any one functional area of management or administration, such as personnel, purchasing, or administrative services. Usually manage through subordinate supervisors. Excludes First-Line Supervisors.
$105,770 · growth +5.0% · 2 high-automation tasks
46
Moderate automation risk
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#78
Will AI replace Human Resources Managers?Plan, direct, or coordinate human resources activities and staff of an organization.
$149,280 · growth +5.5% · 2 high-automation tasks
46
Moderate automation risk
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#79
Will AI replace Retail Salespersons?Sell merchandise, such as furniture, motor vehicles, appliances, or apparel to consumers.
$35,410 · growth -0.3% · 3 high-automation tasks
46
Moderate automation risk
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#80
Will AI replace Medical and Health Services Managers?Plan, direct, or coordinate medical and health services in hospitals, clinics, managed care organizations, public health agencies, or similar organizations.
$123,860 · growth +24.2% · 0 high-automation tasks
45
Moderate automation risk
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#81
Will AI replace Actuaries?Analyze statistical data, such as mortality, accident, sickness, disability, and retirement rates and construct probability tables to forecast risk and liability for payment of future benefits. May ascertain insurance rates required and cash reserves necessary to ensure payment of future benefits.
$130,000 · growth +9.2% · 0 high-automation tasks
44
Moderate automation risk
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#82
Will AI replace Architects, Except Landscape and Naval?Plan and design structures, such as private residences, office buildings, theaters, factories, and other structural property.
$99,280 · growth +4.3% · 0 high-automation tasks
44
Moderate automation risk
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#83
Will AI replace Commercial and Industrial Designers?Design and develop manufactured products, such as cars, home appliances, and children's toys. Combine artistic talent with research on product use, marketing, and materials to create the most functional and appealing product design.
$83,910 · growth +2.4% · 0 high-automation tasks
43
Moderate automation risk
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#84
Will AI replace Mechanical Engineers?Perform engineering duties in planning and designing tools, engines, machines, and other mechanically functioning equipment. Oversee installation, operation, maintenance, and repair of equipment such as centralized heat, gas, water, and steam systems.
$104,110 · growth +11.2% · 0 high-automation tasks
43
Moderate automation risk
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#85
Will AI replace Sales Managers?Plan, direct, or coordinate the actual distribution or movement of a product or service to the customer. Coordinate sales distribution by establishing sales territories, quotas, and goals and establish training programs for sales representatives. Analyze sales statistics gathered by staff to determine sales potential and inventory requirements and monitor the preferences of customers.
$148,270 · growth +4.5% · 0 high-automation tasks
43
Moderate automation risk
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#86
Will AI replace Civil Engineers?Perform engineering duties in planning, designing, and overseeing construction and maintenance of building structures and facilities, such as roads, railroads, airports, bridges, harbors, channels, dams, irrigation projects, pipelines, power plants, and water and sewage systems.
$100,840 · growth +6.4% · 0 high-automation tasks
42
Moderate automation risk
-
#87
Will AI replace Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors and Advisors?Advise and assist students and provide educational and vocational guidance services.
$64,330 · growth +2.9% · 1 high-automation tasks
42
Moderate automation risk
-
#88
Will AI replace Electrical Engineers?Research, design, develop, test, or supervise the manufacturing and installation of electrical equipment, components, or systems for commercial, industrial, military, or scientific use.
$120,630 · growth +9.9% · 0 high-automation tasks
42
Moderate automation risk
-
#89
Will AI replace Pharmacists?Dispense drugs prescribed by physicians and other health practitioners and provide information to patients about medications and their use. May advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection, dosage, interactions, and side effects of medications.
$140,910 · growth +5.2% · 1 high-automation tasks
42
Moderate automation risk
-
#90
Will AI replace Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and Career/Technical Education?Teach one or more subjects to students at the secondary school level.
$72,040 · growth -0.2% · 1 high-automation tasks
42
Moderate automation risk
-
#91
Will AI replace Construction Managers?Plan, direct, or coordinate, usually through subordinate supervisory personnel, activities concerned with the construction and maintenance of structures, facilities, and systems. Participate in the conceptual development of a construction project and oversee its organization, scheduling, budgeting, and implementation. Includes managers in specialized construction fields, such as carpentry or plumbing.
$114,990 · growth +9.1% · 0 high-automation tasks
41
Moderate automation risk
-
#92
Will AI replace Food Service Managers?Plan, direct, or coordinate activities of an organization or department that serves food and beverages.
$69,390 · growth +5.8% · 1 high-automation tasks
41
Moderate automation risk
-
#93
Will AI replace Urban and Regional Planners?Develop comprehensive plans and programs for use of land and physical facilities of jurisdictions, such as towns, cities, counties, and metropolitan areas.
$89,320 · growth +3.9% · 0 high-automation tasks
41
Moderate automation risk
-
#94
Will AI replace Chiropractors?Assess, treat, and care for patients by manipulation of spine and musculoskeletal system. May provide spinal adjustment or address sacral or pelvic misalignment.
$79,200 · growth +8.7% · 1 high-automation tasks
40
Moderate automation risk
-
#95
Will AI replace Fashion Designers?Design clothing and accessories. Create original designs or adapt fashion trends.
$80,960 · growth +0.1% · 1 high-automation tasks
39
Moderate automation risk
-
#96
Will AI replace Photographers?Photograph people, landscapes, merchandise, or other subjects. May use lighting equipment to enhance a subject's appearance. May use editing software to produce finished images and prints. Includes commercial and industrial photographers, scientific photographers, and photojournalists.
$44,660 · growth -0.7% · 3 high-automation tasks
38
Moderate automation risk
-
#97
Will AI replace Producers and Directors?Produce or direct stage, television, radio, video, or film productions for entertainment, information, or instruction. Responsible for creative decisions, such as interpretation of script, choice of actors or guests, set design, sound, special effects, and choreography.
$90,360 · growth +4.0% · 2 high-automation tasks
38
Moderate automation risk
-
#98
Will AI replace Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers?Drive a tractor-trailer combination or a truck with a capacity of at least 26,001 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW). May be required to unload truck. Requires commercial drivers' license. Includes tow truck drivers.
$58,640 · growth +3.8% · 3 high-automation tasks
37
Moderate automation risk
-
#99
Will AI replace Biological Technicians?Assist biological and medical scientists. Set up, operate, and maintain laboratory instruments and equipment, monitor experiments, collect data and samples, make observations, and calculate and record results. May analyze organic substances, such as blood, food, and drugs.
$57,510 · growth +7.4% · 1 high-automation tasks
36
Moderate automation risk
-
#100
Will AI replace Chemists?Conduct qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses or experiments in laboratories for quality or process control or to develop new products or knowledge.
$91,240 · growth +6.4% · 0 high-automation tasks
36
Moderate automation risk
-
#101
Will AI replace Family Medicine Physicians?Diagnose, treat, and provide preventive care to individuals and families across the lifespan. May refer patients to specialists when needed for further diagnosis or treatment.
$244,180 · growth +3.3% · 0 high-automation tasks
36
Moderate automation risk
-
#102
Will AI replace Speech-Language Pathologists?Assess and treat persons with speech, language, voice, and fluency disorders. May select alternative communication systems and teach their use. May perform research related to speech and language problems.
$97,870 · growth +16.6% · 1 high-automation tasks
36
Moderate automation risk
-
#103
Will AI replace Clinical and Counseling Psychologists?Assess, diagnose, and treat mental and emotional disorders of individuals through observation, interview, and psychological tests. Help individuals with distress or maladjustment understand their problems through their knowledge of case history, interviews with patients, and theory. Provide individual or group counseling services to assist individuals in achieving more effective personal, social, educational, and vocational development and adjustment. May design behavior modification programs and consult with medical personnel regarding the best treatment for patients.
$100,580 · growth +11.7% · 0 high-automation tasks
35
Moderate automation risk
-
#104
Will AI replace Physical Therapists?Assess, plan, organize, and participate in rehabilitative programs that improve mobility, relieve pain, increase strength, and improve or correct disabling conditions resulting from disease or injury.
$102,760 · growth +11.9% · 1 high-automation tasks
35
Moderate automation risk
-
#105
Will AI replace Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors?Counsel and advise individuals with alcohol, tobacco, drug, or other problems, such as gambling and eating disorders. May counsel individuals, families, or groups or engage in prevention programs.
— · growth — · 0 high-automation tasks
34
Moderate automation risk
-
#106
Will AI replace Nurse Practitioners?Diagnose and treat acute, episodic, or chronic illness, independently or as part of a healthcare team. May focus on health promotion and disease prevention. May order, perform, or interpret diagnostic tests such as lab work and x rays. May prescribe medication. Must be registered nurses who have specialized graduate education.
$132,300 · growth +41.0% · 0 high-automation tasks
33
Moderate automation risk
-
#107
Will AI replace Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity?Drive bus or motor coach, including regular route operations, charters, and private carriage. May assist passengers with baggage. May collect fares or tickets.
$59,050 · growth +4.1% · 3 high-automation tasks
31
Moderate automation risk
-
#108
Will AI replace Marriage and Family Therapists?Diagnose and treat mental and emotional disorders, whether cognitive, affective, or behavioral, within the context of marriage and family systems. Apply psychotherapeutic and family systems theories and techniques in the delivery of services to individuals, couples, and families for the purpose of treating such diagnosed nervous and mental disorders.
$66,940 · growth +13.5% · 0 high-automation tasks
31
Moderate automation risk
-
#109
Will AI replace Occupational Therapists?Assess, plan, and organize rehabilitative programs that help build or restore vocational, homemaking, and daily living skills, as well as general independence, to persons with disabilities or developmental delays. Use therapeutic techniques, adapt the individual's environment, teach skills, and modify specific tasks that present barriers to the individual.
$100,330 · growth +14.8% · 0 high-automation tasks
31
Moderate automation risk
-
#110
Will AI replace Taxi Drivers?Drive a motor vehicle to transport passengers on an unplanned basis and charge a fare, usually based on a meter.
$42,100 · growth +11.5% · 2 high-automation tasks
31
Moderate automation risk
-
#111
Will AI replace Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education?Teach academic and social skills to students at the elementary school level.
$63,970 · growth -0.4% · 0 high-automation tasks
30
Moderate automation risk
-
#112
Will AI replace Chefs and Head Cooks?Direct and may participate in the preparation, seasoning, and cooking of salads, soups, fish, meats, vegetables, desserts, or other foods. May plan and price menu items, order supplies, and keep records and accounts.
$62,470 · growth +6.6% · 0 high-automation tasks
29
Moderate automation risk
-
#113
Will AI replace Light Truck Drivers?Drive a light vehicle, such as a truck or van, with a capacity of less than 26,001 pounds Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW), primarily to pick up merchandise or packages from a distribution center and deliver. May load and unload vehicle.
$44,860 · growth +6.3% · 1 high-automation tasks
29
Moderate automation risk
-
#114
Will AI replace Medical Assistants?Perform administrative and certain clinical duties under the direction of a physician. Administrative duties may include scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding information for insurance purposes. Clinical duties may include taking and recording vital signs and medical histories, preparing patients for examination, drawing blood, and administering medications as directed by physician.
$45,690 · growth +12.9% · 2 high-automation tasks
29
Moderate automation risk
-
#115
Will AI replace Physician Assistants?Provide healthcare services typically performed by a physician, under the supervision of a physician. Conduct complete physicals, provide treatment, and counsel patients. May, in some cases, prescribe medication. Must graduate from an accredited educational program for physician assistants.
$135,880 · growth +21.1% · 0 high-automation tasks
29
Moderate automation risk
-
#116
Will AI replace Child, Family, and School Social Workers?Provide social services and assistance to improve the social and psychological functioning of children and their families and to maximize the family well-being and the academic functioning of children. May assist parents, arrange adoptions, and find foster homes for abandoned or abused children. In schools, they address such problems as teenage pregnancy, misbehavior, and truancy. May also advise teachers.
$59,550 · growth +4.4% · 0 high-automation tasks
28
Moderate automation risk
-
#117
Will AI replace Dental Assistants?Perform limited clinical duties under the direction of a dentist. Clinical duties may include equipment preparation and sterilization, preparing patients for treatment, assisting the dentist during treatment, and providing patients with instructions for oral healthcare procedures. May perform administrative duties such as scheduling appointments, maintaining medical records, billing, and coding information for insurance purposes.
$48,070 · growth +7.4% · 1 high-automation tasks
28
Moderate automation risk
-
#118
Will AI replace Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse?Manually plant, cultivate, and harvest vegetables, fruits, nuts, horticultural specialties, and field crops. Use hand tools, such as shovels, trowels, hoes, tampers, pruning hooks, shears, and knives. Duties may include tilling soil and applying fertilizers; transplanting, weeding, thinning, or pruning crops; applying pesticides; or cleaning, grading, sorting, packing, and loading harvested products. May construct trellises, repair fences and farm buildings, or participate in irrigation activities.
$35,660 · growth -2.4% · 1 high-automation tasks
27
Moderate automation risk
-
#119
Will AI replace Industrial Machinery Mechanics?Repair, install, adjust, or maintain industrial production and processing machinery or refinery and pipeline distribution systems. May also install, dismantle, or move machinery and heavy equipment according to plans.
$64,520 · growth +17.8% · 0 high-automation tasks
27
Moderate automation risk
-
#120
Will AI replace Mental Health Counselors?Counsel and advise individuals and groups to promote optimum mental and emotional health, with an emphasis on prevention. May help individuals deal with a broad range of mental health issues, such as those associated with addictions and substance abuse; family, parenting, and marital problems; stress management; self-esteem; or aging.
— · growth — · 0 high-automation tasks
27
Moderate automation risk
-
#121
Will AI replace Special Education Teachers, Secondary School?Teach academic, social, and life skills to secondary school students with learning, emotional, or physical disabilities. Includes teachers who specialize and work with students who are blind or have visual impairments; students who are deaf or have hearing impairments; and students with intellectual disabilities.
$74,260 · growth -0.2% · 0 high-automation tasks
27
Moderate automation risk
-
#122
Will AI replace Stockers and Order Fillers?Receive, store, and issue merchandise, materials, equipment, and other items from stockroom, warehouse, or storage yard to fill shelves, racks, tables, or customers' orders. May operate power equipment to fill orders. May mark prices on merchandise and set up sales displays.
$37,330 · growth +8.9% · 1 high-automation tasks
27
Moderate automation risk
-
#123
Will AI replace Hairdressers, Hairstylists, and Cosmetologists?Provide beauty services, such as cutting, coloring, and styling hair, and massaging and treating scalp. May shampoo hair, apply makeup, dress wigs, remove hair, and provide nail and skincare services.
$35,790 · growth +7.7% · 2 high-automation tasks
26
Moderate automation risk
-
#124
Will AI replace Radiologic Technologists and Technicians?Take x-rays and CAT scans or administer nonradioactive materials into patient's bloodstream for diagnostic or research purposes. Includes radiologic technologists and technicians who specialize in other scanning modalities.
$80,110 · growth +5.0% · 0 high-automation tasks
26
Moderate automation risk
-
#125
Will AI replace Waiters and Waitresses?Take orders and serve food and beverages to patrons at tables in dining establishment.
$35,230 · growth +2.0% · 1 high-automation tasks
26
Moderate automation risk
-
#126
Will AI replace Clergy?Conduct religious worship and perform other spiritual functions associated with beliefs and practices of religious faith or denomination. Provide spiritual and moral guidance and assistance to members.
$60,810 · growth +2.4% · 0 high-automation tasks
25
Moderate automation risk
-
#127
Will AI replace Optometrists?Diagnose, manage, and treat conditions and diseases of the human eye and visual system. Examine eyes and visual system, diagnose problems or impairments, prescribe corrective lenses, and provide treatment. May prescribe therapeutic drugs to treat specific eye conditions.
$136,570 · growth +9.5% · 0 high-automation tasks
25
Moderate automation risk
-
#128
Will AI replace Veterinarians?Diagnose, treat, or research diseases and injuries of animals. Includes veterinarians who conduct research and development, inspect livestock, or care for pets and companion animals.
$130,100 · growth +9.4% · 0 high-automation tasks
25
Moderate automation risk
-
#129
Will AI replace Childcare Workers?Attend to children at schools, businesses, private households, and childcare institutions. Perform a variety of tasks, such as dressing, feeding, bathing, and overseeing play.
$34,980 · growth -2.0% · 1 high-automation tasks
24
Moderate automation risk
-
#130
Will AI replace Correctional Officers and Jailers?Guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institutions in accordance with established regulations and procedures. May guard prisoners in transit between jail, courtroom, prison, or other point. Includes deputy sheriffs and police who spend the majority of their time guarding prisoners in correctional institutions.
$58,940 · growth -7.4% · 0 high-automation tasks
24
Moderate automation risk
-
#131
Will AI replace Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates?Arbitrate, advise, adjudicate, or administer justice in a court of law. May sentence defendant in criminal cases according to government statutes or sentencing guidelines. May determine liability of defendant in civil cases. May perform wedding ceremonies.
$153,990 · growth +2.8% · 0 high-automation tasks
24
Moderate automation risk
-
#132
Will AI replace Security Guards?Guard, patrol, or monitor premises to prevent theft, violence, or infractions of rules. May operate x-ray and metal detector equipment.
$38,020 · growth +0.9% · 2 high-automation tasks
24
Moderate automation risk
-
#133
Will AI replace Orthopedic Surgeons, Except Pediatric?Diagnose and perform surgery to treat and prevent rheumatic and other diseases in the musculoskeletal system.
$358,550 · growth +4.0% · 0 high-automation tasks
23
Moderate automation risk
-
#134
Will AI replace Registered Nurses?Assess patient health problems and needs, develop and implement nursing care plans, and maintain medical records. Administer nursing care to ill, injured, convalescent, or disabled patients. May advise patients on health maintenance and disease prevention or provide case management. Licensing or registration required.
$97,550 · growth +5.6% · 0 high-automation tasks
23
Moderate automation risk
-
#135
Will AI replace Barbers?Provide barbering services, such as cutting, trimming, shampooing, and styling hair; trimming beards; or giving shaves.
$38,210 · growth +3.3% · 0 high-automation tasks
22
Moderate automation risk
-
#136
Will AI replace Machinists?Set up and operate a variety of machine tools to produce precision parts and instruments out of metal. Includes precision instrument makers who fabricate, modify, or repair mechanical instruments. May also fabricate and modify parts to make or repair machine tools or maintain industrial machines, applying knowledge of mechanics, mathematics, metal properties, layout, and machining procedures.
$58,750 · growth +1.0% · 0 high-automation tasks
22
Moderate automation risk
-
#137
Will AI replace Nursing Assistants?Provide or assist with basic care or support under the direction of onsite licensed nursing staff. Perform duties such as monitoring of health status, feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, or ambulation of patients in a health or nursing facility. May include medication administration and other health-related tasks. Includes nursing care attendants, nursing aides, and nursing attendants.
$42,260 · growth +2.6% · 0 high-automation tasks
22
Moderate automation risk
-
#138
Will AI replace Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers?Maintain order and protect life and property by enforcing local, tribal, state, or federal laws and ordinances. Perform a combination of the following duties: patrol a specific area; direct traffic; issue traffic summonses; investigate accidents; apprehend and arrest suspects, or serve legal processes of courts. Includes police officers working at educational institutions.
$76,210 · growth +3.5% · 0 high-automation tasks
22
Moderate automation risk
-
#139
Will AI replace Dental Hygienists?Administer oral hygiene care to patients. Assess patient oral hygiene problems or needs and maintain health records. Advise patients on oral health maintenance and disease prevention. May provide advanced care such as providing fluoride treatment or administering topical anesthesia.
$98,100 · growth +8.0% · 1 high-automation tasks
21
Moderate automation risk
-
#140
Will AI replace Butchers and Meat Cutters?Cut, trim, or prepare consumer-sized portions of meat for use or sale in retail establishments.
$40,140 · growth +2.4% · 0 high-automation tasks
20
Moderate automation risk
FAQ
What is a moderate AI-risk job?
Occupations scoring between 20 and 75 on our importance-weighted Generative AI vulnerability index. Some high-importance duties are highly automatable, but enough durable human work remains that the role is transforming rather than vanishing.
Should workers in moderate-risk jobs switch careers?
Not automatically. Audit which of your weekly tasks match high-automation duties, double down on durable work, and use the alternatives matrix only if your personal mix skews heavily digital and routine.
How does moderate risk compare with high and low bands?
High risk is above 75; lower risk is under 20. Moderate is the broad middle where AI changes the job mix without a single binary outcome — task-level pages matter most here.